Abstract
The behavior of reinforced concrete walls with high-strength steel (yield strength greater than or equal to 550 MPa [80 ksi]) is evaluated. The influence of yield stress (fy) and the tensile-to-yield strength (ft/fy) are analyzed by means of tests on T-shaped concrete walls. Additionally, the effects of uniform elongation (Esu) and fracture elongation (Esf) are evaluated. Two walls reinforced with Grade 690 or 830 steel (100 or 120) (fy = 690 or 830 MPa [100 or 120 ksi]) and with concrete strength of 55 MPa (8 ksi). Test results were compared with previous tests to validate changes in the Concrete Design Code (ACI 318). The data obtained suggest that walls with high-strength steel have a deformation capacity similar to walls reinforced with conventional steel (fy = 420 MPa [60 ksi]). However, the steel must satisfy ft/fy≥1.2,Esu≤6%yEsf≥10% for the walls to exhibit satisfactory behavior.
ILIA: Investigaciones Latinoamericanas en Ingeniería y Arquitectura, No. 01, 2024: 91-99.
References
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ASTM A706 “Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (ASTM A706/A706M-22a).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2022.
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ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2022.[9] Kaar P. H. and Mattock A. H. “High Strength Bars as Concrete Reinforcement, Part 4: Control of Cracking.” Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, 5(1), 15-38, 1963.
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Kaar P. H. “High Strength Bars as Concrete Reinforcement, Part 8: Similitude in Flexural Cracking of T-Beam Flanges.” Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, 8(2), 2-12, 1966.
Pfister J. F. and Mattock A. H. “High Strength Bars as Concrete Reinforcement, Part 5: Lapped Splices in Concentrically Loaded Columns.” Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, 5(2), 27-40, 1963.
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Muguruma H. and Watanabe F. “Ductility Improvement of High-Strength Concrete Columns with Lateral Confinement.” Proceedings, Second International Symposium on High-Strength Concrete, SP-121, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, pp. 47-60, 1990.
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Rautenberg J. M., Pujol S., Tavallali H., and Lepage A. “Drift Capacity of Concrete Columns Reinforced with High-Strength Steel.” ACI Structural Journal, 110(2), 307-317, 2014.
Tavallali H., Lepage A., Rautenberg J. M., and Pujol S. “Concrete Beams Reinforced with High-Strength Steel Subjected to Displacement Reversals.” ACI Structural Journal, 111(5), 1037-1047, 2014.
Pfund S. J. “Cyclic Response of Concrete Beams Reinforced with ASTM A1035 Grade-120 Steel Bars.” MS Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 2012.
Tretiakova K. “Cyclic Response of Concrete Columns Reinforced with SAS 670 Grade-97 Steel Bars.” MS Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 2013.
Huq M. S., Weber-Kamin A., Ameen S., Lequesne R., and Lepage A. “High-Strength Steel Bars in Earthquake-Resistant T-Shaped Concrete Walls.” SM Report No. 128, The University of Kansas, Center for Research Inc., Lawrence, Kansas, 365 pp., 2018.
Cheng M. Y., Hung S. C., Lequesne R.D., and Lepage A. “Earthquake-Resistant Squat Walls Reinforced with High-Strength Steel.” ACI Structural Journal, 113(5), 1065-1076, 2016.
Weber-Kamin A. S., Lequesne R. D., and Lepage A. “Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams with High-Strength Steel Bars.” SM Report No. 143, The University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., Lawrence, KS, 598 pp., 2020.
Burgos E. A., Lequesne R., and Lepage A. “Earthquake-Resistant T-Shaped Concrete Walls with High-Strength Steel Bars.” SM Report No. 142, The University of Kansas, Center for Research Inc., Lawrence, Kansas, 356 pp., 2020.
FEMA 461 “Interim Testing Protocols for Determining the Seismic Performance Characteristics of Structural and Nonstructural Components.” Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, California, 113 pp., 2007.
ASTM C39 “Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens (ASTM C39/C39M-17a).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2017.
ASTM C496 “Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens (ASTM C496/C496M-11).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2011.
ASTM A370 “Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products (ASTM A370-17).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2017.
ASTM E8 “Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials (ASTM E8/E8M-16a).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2016.
ASTM A1035 “Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain, Low-Carbon, Chromium, Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (ASTM A1035/A1035M-16b).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2016.
ASTM A706 “Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (ASTM A706/A706M-16).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2016.
M.S. Huq, E.A. Burgos, R. D. Lequesne and A. Lepage, “High Strength Steel Bars in Earthquake Resistant Reinforced Concrete T-Shaped Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, vol. 118, pp. 215-226, 2021.
ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-19).” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, 623 pp., 2019.
ASTM A706 “Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (ASTM A706/A706M-22a).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2022.
ASTM A615 “Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (ASTM A615/A615M-22).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2022.
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