Resumen
El presente trabajo analiza la relación entre el financiamiento en materia de educación y la igualdad de acceso estudiantil a nivel superior. Se argumenta que en la mayoría de los países el compromiso por parte de los gobiernos para asegurar la educación gratuita tiene como efecto contradictorio el acentuar las disparidades sociales, aumentando así la brecha entre oferta y demanda, en cuanto a cupo universitario se refiere.
Tales relaciones han sido tomadas a nivel internacional con datos de una muestra de 64 países. Se examinan dos índices relacionando el uno con el otro: a) el grado de eficacia del subsidio de la educación superior, y b) el grado de desigualdad educacional (tal como lo refleja la inclinación de la pirámide educativa). Los resultados demuestran que la brecha entre oferta y demanda, respecto al cupo universitario, es relativamente mayor en los países menos avanzados, registrándose en esos mismos países el grado más elevado de subsidio. La restricción en cuanto a capacidad real a nivel escolar ha creado nuevas opciones de selección (no-económicas), tendientes a restringir el acceso a la educación superior, favoreciendo los criterios invariablemente a los estudiantes de familias adineradas.
El presente estudio considera diferentes medidas de un financiamiento público, capaces de suprimir la contradicción que actualmente prevalece entre educación "gratuita" y las erróneas restricciones de ingreso.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 31, No. 338, 1976: 773-788.
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